Working principle of vertical machining center

The vertical machining center is a high-precision, high-efficiency automated processing equipment, and its working principle is as follows:

The control system issues instructions: The operator inputs the processing program through the CNC system (CNC), and the program contains information such as the size, shape, processing path, and process parameters of the processed parts. The CNC system processes and calculates this information, and then issues motion instructions to the servo motors of each coordinate axis, and sends corresponding control signals to other components such as the spindle motor, cooling system, and lubrication system.

The spindle drives the tool to rotate: The spindle motor drives the tool to rotate at a set speed according to the instructions of the control system. The rotation speed of the tool varies depending on the type of processing material and tool, and can usually be steplessly adjusted within a certain range to meet the requirements of different processing processes.

The worktable drives the workpiece to move: The worktable is driven by the servo motor and moves precisely along the three coordinate axes of X, Y, and Z. Through the precise control of the control system, the worktable can move according to the path and speed specified by the processing program, so that the workpiece is in the correct processing position relative to the tool, and the tool can cut the workpiece.

The tool performs cutting processing on the workpiece: Under the synergistic effect of the spindle driving the tool to rotate and the worktable driving the workpiece to move, the tool cuts the workpiece according to the pre-set processing path. During the cutting process, relative movement occurs between the tool and the workpiece, and the tool gradually removes the excess material on the workpiece, and finally processes the shape and size of the part that meets the design requirements.

The auxiliary system supports the processing process: During the processing, the cooling system will spray coolant into the cutting area to cool the tool and workpiece, reduce the cutting temperature, and wash away the chips to improve the processing quality and tool life. The lubrication system provides lubrication for the moving parts of the machine tool, reduces friction and wear, and ensures the normal operation of the machine tool. In addition, the chip removal system will promptly discharge the chips generated during the cutting process from the machine tool to avoid chip accumulation affecting the processing accuracy and machine tool performance.

The vertical machining center realizes the automated and high-precision processing of the workpiece through the coordinated work of various parts such as the control system, spindle system, feed system, and auxiliary system. It can complete the processing of multiple processes in one clamping, greatly improving production efficiency and processing quality, and is widely used in machinery manufacturing, automotive parts, mold manufacturing, aerospace and other fields.